The real Zhuge liang which different with Romance of the three Research Proposal

The genuine Zhuge liang which distinctive with Romance of the three realms - Research Proposal Example diverse Chinese pioneers, both antiquated and current, looking at how the Chinese societies are depicted in the novel, and to discover how these societies are as a rule despite everything being watched the current. Sentiment of the three Kingdoms is one of the exceptionally respected Chinese works of art that are accumulated into a semi-anecdotal legendary work of expressions which features what occurred during the period of Luo (Guanzhong, pg3). In spite of the way that the rates depicted in this novel occurred 1700 years back, this term of history can be portrayed as the brilliant time of valor and from that point forward, characters, for example, Guan Yu, Zhuge Liang and Cao have become Chinese commonly recognized names. This epic gives the story that is incompletely legend, halfway recorded and in part legendary. It accounts the memorable existences of medieval masters and their royals who toiled to either reestablish the withering Han Dynasty or structure another entrenched realm in its place. Despite the fact that the novel catches in excess of 100 characters, the significant concern is the remainders of the Han Dynasty that at long last framed the three countries Wei, Wu and Shu (Guanzho ng, pg8). The tale manages individual, armed force fights, schemes, plots and how these states attempted to achieve predominance. It additionally expounds on how the Chinese view their past in a repetitive way. Proposal articulation: The life of Zhuge Liang has a positive noteworthy to the lives and way of administering by the current Chinese pioneers. Then again, the Chinese societies during the hour of Zhuge Liang were extremely predominant and their applications are as yet being rehearsed today. Drawing thoughts essentially from the novel, the relationship part of Zhuge Liang unbelievable in the Romance three realms is exceptionally explained. Game play spins around overseeing numerical information, each speaking to a character of a city or an individual (Guanzhong, pg12). For example, a town would have information indicating the measure of food kept inside its divider, its vulnerability to catastrophes like

Charles Loring Brace Essay Example

Charles Loring Brace Essay Charles Loring Brace Founder, Children’s Aid Society New York City Beth Boersma University of Georgia SOWK 6011 Fall, 2010 Introduction Charles Loring Brace is perceived as one of the originators of youngster government assistance change in the United States, especially in the zone of child care and appropriation. His work was led in the nineteenth century in New York City, amidst one of the most productive times of progress in U. S. history. This paper will depict and sum up Brace’s foundation and the impacts that prompted his work, the effect of his work on the general public of his time, the heritage of his work, and its effects on kid government assistance endeavors today. Social Background Charles Loring Brace was conceived June 19, 1826 in Litchfield, Connecticut, portrayed as a little however prosperous town, completely ailing in urban extravagance or bad habit, yet giving its inhabitants something moving toward urban degrees of learning and culture. It was the home of the nation’s first law school†¦.. additionally the home of one of the main auxiliary schools for young ladies in the United States, the Litchfield Female Academy, alumni of which included Harriet Beecher Stowe and her sister Catherine Beecher† (O’Connor, 2001, p7). Charles was the second of four youngsters destined to John and Lucy Brace and, in the Puritan custom of the time, he was basically taught by his dad. We will compose a custom paper test on Charles Loring Brace explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Charles Loring Brace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Charles Loring Brace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer John Brace was an educator at the Litchfield Female Academy, where he showed a dynamic inclination on instruction by transforming the educational program normally educated to young ladies to incorporate additionally testing subjects â€Å"including science, higher arithmetic, rationale and Latina educational program that in any event rose to that of most boys’ academies† (O’Connor, p. 8). Youthful Charles regularly participated in his father’s classes and was without a doubt impacted by the senior Brace’s women's activist way of thinking that female youngsters ought to be taught on an equivalent level as guys, so as to â€Å"improve woman’s ‘rank in the public arena, putting her s the discerning friend of man, not the captive of his delights or the casualty of tyranny’† (O’Connor, p. 8). John Brace and his significant other likewise accepted emphatically in the Calvinist customs of obligation, industriousness, penan ce, backbone, and restraint and gave these qualities to Charles. The Braces esteemed nature and Charles built up a solid association between the excellence and magnificence of the outside and his related sentiments of happiness and gigantic fulfillment of being alive. Maybe the most suffering worth that Charles gained from his family was good way of thinking, or â€Å"the endeavor to decide the idea of one’s commitment to one’s individual manâ€and to Godâ€and the endeavor to train one’s character in order to satisfy that commitment to perfection†. (O’Connor, p. 18). Another early impacts in Charles’ life was Horace Bushnell, a Congregational clergyman in Hartford, CT, where Charles and his family lived after John Brace took a situation at the Hartford Female Seminary (established by Catherine Beecher). Bushnell is â€Å"regarded by numerous individuals as the most significant American strict scholar of the nineteenth century† (O’Connor, p 18). Fire up. Bushnell advanced the goals of profound improvement all through the life expectancy, which was contrary to Calvinistic convictions of the inborn wickedness of people from birth. This thought would profoundly affect Charles’ later work. Charles entered Yale in 1942 at age sixteen and he end up being a superb understudy. At Yale, Charles turned out to be dear companions with his flat mate, John Olmsted, just as John’s sibling, Frederick Law Olmsted, the future draftsman and urban creator. During his years at Yale, which additionally incorporated some time at the Yale Divinity School, Charles showed a solid enthusiasm for theory and he investigated an assortment of the world’s religions and invested heaps of energy discussing different issues and thoughts with his companions and schoolmates. This prompted Charles’ advancement of an allowance of faith based expectations that would manage his life’s work: First, regardless of the cultural demeanor that neediness and guiltiness were equal, Brace accepted that a genuinely just framework would see that â€Å"lawbreakers may have thought processes or different characteristics that recovered them, and that God thought less about human law than about romoting happiness† (O’Connor, p. 30). Second, Brace accepted that the family was the essential strategy for forming people, just as the unmistakable â€Å"image of God’s relationship to humankind: God was a dad who cherished His youngste rs and just needed just their happiness† (O’Connor, p. 31). Support proceeded to see God’s father figure as attempting to form or improve the character of His kids, a worth that advocated Brace’s endeavors to utilize Christianity and Protestant qualities as the core values in his work. After the demise of his cherished sister, Emma, in 1850, Charles put in a couple of years traversing Europe as an outside reporter for American papers after school and he additionally utilized this opportunity to visit schools and different associations that served the poor in Germany, Hungary, Ireland and England. One aftereffect of this season of investigation, perception and study was that Charles came to comprehend Protestant Christianity as the most developed, and subsequently generally prevalent, manual for moral conduct. He saw the improved social remaining of ladies and advances in the consideration and treatment of kids as the immediate consequence of the impact of Christianity. Support expressed that â€Å"of every single down to earth change which Christianity has energized or initiated throughout the entire existence of the world, this regard and incentive for kids is the most significant, as it influences the establishment of all general public and government, and impacts a far off future† (Bullard, 2005, p. 31). Social Context Throughout Charles’ life thusfar, urban areas in America had been encountering enormous change. The Panic of 1837 had critical effect on levels of joblessness and vagrancy, just as lost confidence in the possibility that religion could be an essential methods for change (Nelson, K, 1995, p. 57-58). Occasions, for example, the Astor Place revolt (1849) and uncontrolled episodes of malady made residents accept that â€Å"the establishments of progress were disintegrating at their feet† (O’Connor, p. 42). Development toward industrialization and urbanization, just as the swell of migration during this time added to exceptional degrees of populace, wrongdoing, savagery, and other social concerns, for example, intoxication, prostitution and abusive behavior at home. The progress from an essentially horticultural society to a mechanical one, while gainful in numerous viewpoints, was creating social issues that required methods of being tended to. In the wake of finishing his examinations at Yale Charles, accepting that he heard a call to the service, moved to New York City in 1848 to learn at Union Theological Seminary. His companion, Frederick Law Olmsted, was at that point in New York and had kept in touch with Charles about his dreams for the work they may do to affect the present conditions of individuals in the city: â€Å"Throw your light on the ways in Politics and Social Improvement and urge me to lay down the law and advances. There’s an extraordinary work needs doing in this our age, Charleyâ€let’s off coat and go about it† (O’Connor, 2001, p. 26). After showing up in New York City, Charles was stunned to see the degrees of neediness in the city. Ghettos flooded with foreigners and laborers who had run to the production lines that multiplied with the blast of industrialization. Regular workers families lived on the edge of destitution; when they slipped over that line, their youngsters had to enhance their parents’ salary with what they could gain in the city. Those from the most down and out familiesâ€ravaged by ailment, liquor abuse and violenceâ€often stayed away forever home. (Eviatar, 2001, p. 25). The overarching reaction to the expanding quantities of road kids was to put them in halfway houses, jails, havens or obligated subjugation. Individuals from the favored Victorian high societies saw poor kids essentially as future crooks and frauds. Charles Loring Brace, be that as it may, saw these kids somewhat better: Although he thought there were a few things that were genuinely ‘dangerous’ about this class of kids (as future agitators and looters as well as voters who may choose presidents out of oblivious fierceness), Brace was one of the primary open activists to perceive their credible ideals and their enormous potential for good. He really enjoyed the kids he worked with, however progressively significant, he regarded them† (O’Connor, p. 78). Support respected oneself belittling cleverness, vitality, autonomy, resolve, moral code, liberality and creativity of the offspring of the lanes. At the point when Charles Darwin’s The Origin of the Species was distributed in 1859, Brace read it more than once and came to see these kids, the overcomers of â€Å"the battle for existence† in the fiercest conditions, as possibly the most developmentally propelled people in the country. â€Å"The issue, from Brace's perspective, was that the very condition that reproduced these powerful and most distinctively American of Americans frequently drove them t

How To Transfer Feedburner Subscriber By Exporting CSV File

How To Transfer Feedburner Subscriber By Exporting CSV File If you have planned to move away from Feedburner then you must transfer your existing subscriber to your new feed or newsletter service provider. This is not possible to call everyone or by announcing that you have switch your feedburner or newsletter service. But you must inform them that you have moved. The solution is collecting CSV file for feedburner subscriber lists. I think this you are not clear about CSV file. What is CSV file? The explanation of CSV is comma separated values and this is an extension which is widely used in Microsoft Excel. Whenever you save a file in PC then it save with .csv extension. And this types of files with .csv extension uses in all major email services. If you want to transfer your contracts form one email to another then you have to download the records. And the records file download with .csv extension which can be open in Microsoft Excel application. Similarly in Google feedburner when a subscriber subscribe in your email list then they create email list on a CSV file. And we need that CSV file to transfer our total subscriber list to new feed or newsletter services. In this tutorial I will show you how to get CSV file for Feedburner subscription list from Google Feedburner site. Step 1 Please visit http://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/myfeeds and sign in with your Blogger account. Step 2 Now enter in your Blog feed incase of multiple feed select desired feed for export CSV file. Step 3 From Feedburner page select Publicize tab and from left vertical menu click Email Subscriptions and choose Subscription Management. Step 4 And scroll down on that page and locate View Subscriber Details link. And a hidden option will expend. Step 5 Finally click on CSV link and instantly your Feedburner subscriber list will download in a Excel file with .csv extension. Thats it you have successfully exported your Feedburner email subscriber list. And this file will help you to transfer all subscriber data from Google Feedburner to any other Feed and newsletter service provider site. In feedburner your have export option and in other site you have to use CSV file import option. How to find specific subscriber email in Feedburner account? If you wish to find and select specific subdcriber email rather exporting whole email list then you can use Search Addresses option. Step 1 Under Feedburner Subscriber Management click Search Addresses Step 2 And now write your desired subscriber email address and click Search button. Step 3 If email address match with any subscribers then you will see the email details with status. For transferring that subscriber email address just manually write the email address in your new newsletter subscriber service provider page. There are different newsletter service providers over the net and all are not same in importing subscriber from Feedburner. But I hope this tutorial will help you to export and transfer your existing Feedburner subscriber to another service provider.

Knowledge Workers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1822 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Reprinted from Future of Work Agenda March 2007 What is a Knowledge Worker, Anyway? by Jim Ware and Charlie Grantham In our consulting and research work we spend a lot of time exploring how the emergence of knowledge work as the primary driver of economic activity is changing the nature of the workplace and even basic organizational and management practice. Recently one of our clients asked us a very basic question: Just what is a knowledge worker? † As he said, â€Å"Everyone uses that term but it certainly doesn’t seem very well defined. And if we’re going to be doing market research and making investments aimed at attracting knowledge workers to our community and local businesses, we sure ought to have some kind of agreement about just who it is we’re talking about. † We agree, and that question stimulated the development of a working paper on â€Å"Knowledge Work and Knowledge Workers. † We’re pleased to offer an excerpt from that paper here. Peter Drucker is generally credited with coining the term â€Å"knowledge worker† in 1959. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge Workers" essay for you Create order In 1991 he wrote an article on knowledge worker productivity for the Harvard Business Review (â€Å"The New Productivity Challenge,† Nov-Dec 1991, pp69-79) in which he more or less put knowledge work (ill-defined at best) and service work in one large, rather amorphous, bucket. The closest he came to defining â€Å"knowledge and service† work in that article was this: Knowledge and service workers range from research scientists and cardiac surgeons through draftswomen and store managers to 16-year olds who flip hamburgers in fast-food restaurants on Saturday afternoons. Their ranks also include people whose work makes them â€Å"machine operators†: dishwashers, janitors, data-entry operators. At that time Drucker was not particularly concerned with where and when these knowledge workers accomplished their tasks; his focus was on improving their productivity, which he called the â€Å"single greatest challenge facing managers in the developed countries of the world. † However, in 2007, in a global economy that is enabled by powerful information technologies and driven by creativity and innovation, most knowledge workers are increasingly mobile, locationindependent, and free to choose where, when, and for whom they will ork. As local economic developers consider whether to invest in new kinds of infrastructure and new work environments as part of their efforts to attract, retain, and leverage talent, we need to develop and agree on more precise definitions of who is a â€Å"knowledge worker,† how many of them there are in a given region, and what kinds of services and infrastructure they want and need to be successful.  © Copyright 2007 by The Work Design Collaborative, LLC. All rights reserved. What is a Knowledge Worker, Anyway? Reprinted from Future of Work Agenda, March, 2007 Page 2 A Basic Definition The broadest view of knowledge work is that it is an activity that either requires specialized knowledge or skills, or creates new knowledge. In contrast to physical labor, knowledge work focuses primarily on creating or applying information or knowledge to create value. So what exactly is a knowledge worker, and how can the nature of his or her work be described? At the most generic level, the term â€Å"knowledge worker† refers to individuals who possess high levels of education and/or expertise in a particular area, and who use their cognitive skills to engage in complex problem solving. Wikipedia defines a knowledge worker as: Someone who works primarily with information or one who develops and uses knowledge in the workplace (see https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge_worker ). Babson College Professor Thomas Davenport, who has probably studied knowledge work and knowledge workers more than almost any other active scholar today, has this to say about the concept: I certainly think theres a lot of fuzziness, ambiguity, and imprecision about what a knowledge worker is, and its not a term most managers use easily. They dont say, Okay, these are my knowledge workers, these are my non-knowledge workers. So despite the fact that the terms been around for a long time, very few people have been comfortable using it as a managerial concept. (From an interview conducted by Ubiquity Magazine, available online at: https://www. acm. org/ubiquity/interviews/v6i34_davenport. html ) Davenport then proceeds to define knowledge workers as â€Å"people with high degrees of educat ion or expertise whose primary job function involves some activity related to knowledge. † These very broad definitions, however, encompass almost all forms of meaningful work. Even a barber, a hair stylist, a hamburger flipper, or an assembly line worker has some degree of specialized knowledge about what he or she must do to be successful, although there are certainly differing levels of productivity and effectiveness depending on an individual’s knowledge and experience. Thus, knowledge workers indisputably include individuals in the traditional professions, such as doctors, lawyers, scientists, educators, and engineers. Most of us would also include those who work in senior positions in marketing, advertising, consulting, finance, insurance, and strategy development, to name just a few functional specialties. And then there are also specialized knowledge-based jobs like airline pilots, musicians, senior business executives, and even government officials. Because their work typically entails the interpretation and manipulation of information as well as the creation of new knowledge (as opposed to relatively routine data collection and processing), knowledge workers are usually considered a distinctly different â€Å"breed† than their less-skilled  © Copyright 2007 by The Work Design Collaborative LLC. All rights reserved. What is a Knowledge Worker, Anyway? Reprinted from Future of Work Agenda, March, 2007 Page 3 white-collar counterparts such as bank tellers, bookkeepers, call center specialists, or clerks who perform relatively routine work in highly structured and procedurally-constrained ways. However, some would argue that those latter workers are increasingly taking on more â€Å"knowledge worker-like† qualities, due to the availability of computer-based technologies for conducting many of their routine activities; and today even factory-floor production management requires significant high-tech literacy and knowledge. A Basic Typology of Knowledge Work As these examples of who â€Å"knowledge workers† are and what they do already indicate, knowledge work encompasses an enormously diverse set of tasks and jobs. Clearly, the nature of the work in these jobs varies all over the map. Take for example the tasks of a software customer support technician versus those of a marketing strategist. A customer support technician often relies on a small number of routines to solve a particular customer problem, identifying the nature of the problem and then linking it to one or more pre-conceived solutions provided within a database of solutions. The job of a marketing strategist, on the other hand, is often much more imaginative and original. In this case, he or she may analyze marketing data and combine it with personal insight, intuition, etc. in order to design a new strategy (e. g. , gaining market share). The process of converting a mass of raw information from many sources into something as abstract as a strategy is normally a much more complex and creative act than â€Å"merely† solving a customer’s technical problem. In addition, this kind of knowledge worker frequently does not know for quite some time whether his or her activities solved a particular problem. We believe that these apparent differences can be captured by two â€Å" ideal type† categories of knowledge workers: Knowledge Executors and Knowledge Generators. This distinction parallels the work of Richard Florida, who studied what he calls the â€Å"creative class† and identified a broad range of personal values, work styles, and motivations that are distinctive to that group of individuals. Knowledge Executors are those workers who apply existing knowledge by manipulating information through processes created or invented by others. Knowledge Generators, on the other hand, create new knowledge by manipulating information to develop new solutions to a given problem, or to create new concepts or products. It must be stressed that we view Knowledge Executors and Knowledge Generators as â€Å"ideal types† and that we do not believe that any single type of knowledge worker can be placed neatly or exclusively in one category or the other. Rather, we propose that all knowledge work entails both kinds of activities but that each particular job can be placed along a continuum: some jobs entail more knowledge execution than knowledge generation, and visa versa. However, the dominant question for anyone considering a flexible or distributed work program is whether someone’s work activities could be performed just as effectively from a remote location (or multiple locations over time). While most of the examples cited here are reasonably locationindependent, there are often special circumstances that â€Å"bind† an individual to a specific workplace for at least some portion of his or her work time.  © Copyright 2007 by The Work Design Collaborative LLC. All rights reserved. What is a Knowledge Worker, Anyway? Reprinted from Future of Work Agenda, March, 2007 Page 4 For example, an engineer working with specialized high-tech equipment would most likely not be able to afford multiple installations of that equipment at, say, several corporate locations and a home office. And some knowledge worker tasks do require physical proximity to other people. While there have been some advances in surgical robotics, we don’t expect to see surgeons performing remote operations from their spare bedrooms in the very near future. The difficulty with generalizations about knowledge workers is that knowledge work is inherently diverse and varied. Almost any definition of a knowledge-based job will include some tasks that are essentially location-independent, but only some jobs have become totally â€Å"post-geographic. † That’s part of what makes organizational initiatives to foster distributed work so inherently challenging and frustratingly complex. As we noted in our newsletter series and white paper on distributed work last fall (â€Å"How Come Distributed Work is Still the Next Big Thing? ), this whole topic remains more an art than a science. As usual, your comments and reactions are more than welcome. As always, please send your thoughts to us at [emailprotected] net. About the Work Design Collaborative and Future of Work Agenda Future of Work is a global network of resources – practitioners, thought leaders, researchers, and senior consultants – who are committed to building and implementing physical, social, and technology-based work environments that re cost-effective, socially and environmentally responsible, and personally satisfying. We are focused on defining the future of work and helping our members and clients achieve new levels of workforce and workplace productivity. Future of Work produces and distributes management tools, surveys, benchmark databases, white papers and technical reports, conferences and workshops, newsletters, books and articles, and public presentations on the changing nature of work. The Work Design Collaborative, LLC, provides leadership and infrastructure services for the Future of Work community. Future of Work Agenda is a free monthly electronic newsletter produced by the Work Design Collaborative. To sign up for a free subscription to Future of Work Agenda, please go to: https://www. thefutureofwork. net/news_newsletter_register. html. Direct inquiries to either Charles Grantham at [emailprotected] net, or James Ware at [emailprotected] net  © Copyright 2007 by The Work Design Collaborative LLC. All rights reserved.

The Tension between Truth and Illusion in Tender is the...

Exploring the tension between truth and illusion is a frequent preoccupation of twentieth century American literature. Compare and contrast the treatment of this theme in `Tender is the Night and at least one other relevant text you have encountered. `Tender is the Night is a novel where the presentation of the main characters at the beginning of the novel is shown to be an illusion. An illusion which often masks the seedy truth and results in people having to present an extravagant front to disguise their inner problems. In the opening chapter Fitzgerald narrates that Rosemary was `nearly complete, but the dew was still wet on her. Further references to `baby teeth and children indicate that the author wishes the narrator of†¦show more content†¦In Faulkners `As I Lay Dying, Dewey Dell is used for sexual gratification by MacGowan who masquerades as a doctor, pretending he can help her; whilst the front of a medical practitioner is successful carried off, this is only an illusion, the truth is that he is nothing more than a shop assistant. Nicole herself is a source of contradiction: she was `hard and lovely and pitiful. The somewhat oxymoronic description of Nicole suggests a woman with external beauty, but internal psychological unrest, as her and her husband represented `externally the furthermost evolution of class. When she dresses-up for one of her parties she wears an `artificial camellia, highlighting the falsity of the whole situation, to the extent that even the garden is a `grassless garden. As the location shifts to Switzerland the illusion begins to disappear. It is apt that a country which appears beautiful, but has a reputation for underhand financial dealings, is home to a clinic for the wealthy to resolve their psychological problems. The truth is that Nicoles father sexually abused her and now wishes to cover it up with an illusion, that it was a valet that abused her; he reassures Dick that `money is no object and his chief concern is if the `story would ever leak back to America. In an American soci ety where God and family values are promoted, there seems to be an abundance of immorality, which survives under the curtain that money creates.Show MoreRelatedANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. 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The Negative Message Of Children s Television Show

Children’s television shows are about entertaining, learning and sending messages to the child viewers. Whether the show is portraying a positive message or a negative message, a message is being received. The messages television shows send help to enhance the children’s knowledge and understanding of things going on in their lives. On the children’s television show, Arthur, the show portrays many messages to children. For example, the episode â€Å"So Funny I Forgot to Laugh,† shows how bullying is mean and affects the victim. In this episode, Arthur jokes about Sue Ellen’s sweater. Although Sue Ellen and the rest of her friends think the jokes are funny at first, she doesn’t understand why Arthur continues to joke about her sweater by calling her a sheepdog, treating her like a dog, and posting a drawing of her as a sheepdog on a locker at school. While Arthur may find his jokes to be funny, Sue Ellen feels as though he is teasing her. His joking gets to the point where it is considered bullying by Sue Ellen, his peers, and teachers so he is pulled aside by his teacher to talk about what’s been going on. Arthur thinks that Sue Ellen has overreacted about the entire situation. However, as time goes on he remembers when he was bullied about his glasses so he understands that he has hurt Sue Ellen’s feelings. Feeling remorseful, Arthur gives Sue Ellen a sincere apology. Although Arthur mildly bullied Sue Ellen, no bullying can be taken lightly. To understand the message ofShow MoreRelatedTelevision Is An Essential Means Of Socialization1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe evolution of television, since it was first discovered in 1927, has undoubtedly changed the principal ways of entertainment, and receiving information. The television, when first discovered, covered only a couple programs like sports and news, with very poor quality. 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Guide Project Management Body Of Knowledge â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Guide Project Management Body Of Knowledge? Answer: Introducation A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide is called biogas which is produced from biological materials found in the organic waste through degradation of bacteria in absence of oxygen. As it is produced using waste treatment, biogas is considered as a renewable energy source. Globally, many countries have adopted methods to produce biogas including Germany, Sweden, and more. The biogas production projects are financially supported by regulatory and government bodies across nations. This project would involve production of biogas in Australia. The project would involve development and implementation of biogas optimizer software that would enhance the competitiveness of the biogas producer by accelerating the production processes, reducing the downtime, and reducing the investments through the efficient use of small digesters. Stakeholder Register Stakeholder Role Requirements Expectation Influence Classification Government official Manager Need to know how the production would affect society, business and people Availability of all the performance and regulatory compliance data High Government NGO Volunteer Social Service Manager Need to know how the production would affect society, and people Availability of all the people and environment related data Low NGO Individuals and companies using biogas Multiple stakeholders Specifications and functionalities that gets added upon development of the software for optimization and the benefits to be communicated The biogas should provide efficient fuel for use in the factories or for personal needs. High Customers Staff Multiple employees Training on how the system would be used and communication about how it would impact their working Effective training and support for understanding new systems working Moderate Employees Educational institutes Principals Understand the impact of new systems and technologies on biogas production, employment of students post graduation in the production unit guidance and training to students through various programs Low Institutions Parts, electricity, housekeeping, labour, and transportation suppliers Multiple Order as per the requirement of the production An advance communication for the order and information on the desired specifications of parts High Suppliers News Media and PR persons Multiple Receive the information to be disclosed publically Get the correct, latest and accurate information that is of public interest Moderate Media Residents living nearby Multiple Communicate the changes made in the plant systems if they would affect the public in some way Assurance of no adverse social or environmental impacts to the locality as a result of development Low Local Residents(Kushta, 2012) Analysis and Integration of Business Processes The current business processes of an organization would be studied and the site would be prepared for the adoption of the new optimization software. For this, the baseline production facilities have to be assessed and then Biogas Optimizer has to be demonstrated such that results can be verified to understand if the optimizer has served its purpose. The baseline information about the production of biogas would be collected so that a comparison can be made between the performance of the biogas unit before and after the implementation of the optimizer (Mela, et al., 2015). This demonstration of optimizer would be carried out in four phases including the trial phase where the optimizer would only be tested for basic application, full scale testing in all features would be tested including recommendations followed by an adjusting period in which the plant systems would follow the recommendations and apply the same to the production unit to bring improvements and lastly, another full scale testing would be done after modifications are done to understand if the production parameters are improved after the installation of Optimizer. This would include measurements of production efficiency and reactor capacity utilization(Cook, 2008) Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners The project would be committed to support any requirements for the reconciliation with the traditional owners in Australia including indigenous and non-indigenous people. For this, the traditional owners would be acknowledged and recognized wherever their training is required. Respect would be paid to the elderly people who played important roles in past for the development of the community. An acknowledge statement would be prepared which would show the commitment of the owners of the project for reconciliation and would also recognize the responsibilities of project owners and other institutions. The statement would recognize the following: That the indigenous residents in Australia living on the lands are the traditional owners of the land and thus, have their own associations The associations that are treasured by the traditional owners respect the culture, spirituality, art, law, and culture of Australia Traditional owners are important as they have made contribution to the development of the community and the land where biogas plant has been established Traditional owners can provide equitable participation in the development of community for which they should be provided with sufficient resources and must be respected for their contribution Reconciliation process is important for building relationships between the indigenous and non-indigenous people living in the nearby land in Australia(Baltzan Phillips, 2016) To do this, the project team would have some responsibilities like: Provide reconciliation to gather the support from the nearby residents, communities and institutes over time Redress any disadvantages that people in the community have by providing them required education through various social, cultural and academic programs Incorporate the learning in the nearby institutes and universities curriculum Encourage people from communities to take part in resource for identification and resolution of local issues Provide guidance and resources to encourage researches by the indigenous communities on subjects of importance while maintaining ethics Encourage the staff of the plan to carry out activities that allow traditional owners to present their perspectives in research processes Increase awareness of the cultures and issues to promote the reconciliation in local communities Recruit, select and support the development of the local staff in development and implementation Develop and implement policies for management of the cultural diversity in the organization Create an environment in the company that respects the rights and interests of traditional owners of Australia. Acknowledge the contribution of the Australian staff and students by providing those awards and recognition(QUT, 2017). SRS Documents A set of Software Requirements Specification (SRS) documents would be prepared which would include details of the functionalities of the optimizer system. It would cover the details of features, user interface, hardware requirement, software requirement, related terminologies, technical dependencies, key milestones, external interface requirements, performance requirements, safety needs, security needs, and other attributes that may be important to the user. The main SRS document would have the following sections or areas covered: Project Scope: The Optimizer would have two components including client-side interface that would run on systems of users and server-side application that would be connected to the biogas production system. The document would explain the architecture, interaction, and working of these two components. Product Features: Key features and functionalities of the Optimizer would be outlined in the document. Essential features can include online monitoring of bio-reactors, protection from overload and disturbance, and facilitation of close to maximum capacity operation in reactors keeping safety margins. Besides there, there could be additional features that would be added at later stages if required. Process Characteristics: The processes used in the plant for biogas production would have certain characteristics that would be recorded in SRS such as site classification, reactor types, operating modes, measurement requirements, biogas utilization, and digester volume. Potential Scenarios: Different situations where the users of the plant would be using the optimizer would be visualized as different scenarios and the same would be tested for reliability, users-friendliness, accuracy, and exception handling. Operating Environment: The system would not have any hardware constraints and it is not graphic intensive. The application is self-contained with required software components that can be connected to the production systems directly through the server. Design Constraints: design has to be created considering the needed efficiencies of the system such that the interfaces are advanced in system handling but not in graphical usages. User Documentation: Documents would be prepared for providing training and guidance to the users through help menu inclusion in the software and tutorial documents. Tutorials would teach the users about how the application works and how it can be used by them. Description of Business Continuity Plan (BCP) Business continuity plan is prepared to ensure that an organization keeps running in the situation of a major interruption to its operations such as a disaster that happens unexpectedly. The objective of the plan is to minimize the damages and keep the organization competitive. Traditionally, disaster recovery systems were used to restore the data that was lost in the cases of disaster which involved development of a centralized datacenter. However, with heavy reliance on technology today, just the recovery of data would not be enough for business continuity. The business would not be able to survive without running the technologies as they are used 7 days a week in industries and any disruption would cause the plant machinery to halt and the operations of the company would be affected severely. Thus, there is a need for business continuity planning that not just recovers the data but also ensures that the business operations are managed even in the case of the disaster. A business continuity plan needs to cover multiple events in a factory setting such as: Equipment failures which is usually managed by avoiding or minimizing damage using predictive maintenance of the systems Disruption of power supply or communication systems can be taken care of any having alternate modes of power supply and communications such as inverter systems and alternate communication systems Failure of applications or database servers that can be taken care of by having disaster recovery systems along with the redundant servers that allow taking over of the business operations by alternate servers in case of damage to existing systems Entry of malicious software such as worms, viruses, Trojan that can lead to data breaches, hacking and other issues that could be prevented or managed using software applications like anti-malware, anti-spam, anti-virus, intrusion detection, and more. Social unrest caused by political disturbances, war like scenarios or terrorist attacks can also result into disasters and the result of which can be an operational or business damage. In such cases, insurance covers and physical security provisions can be used for business continuity Human errors or human induced problems like strike or sabotage can be recovered through the use of appropriate access control systems, policy structures, and other provisions that can help minimize the damage and keep the systems working as normal In case of natural disasters such as cyclone, earthquake, fire, or flooding, disaster recovery systems can be set up at alternate locations such that in case of the physical damage to the mains, the recovery infrastructure can be used to continue the work in the plant (PMI Standards Committee., 2015) Some essential measures that would be taken to ensure that the continuity of the business is managed well include: Creation of a cold site where empty facility is installed as offsite location such that in case of the disaster, the cold site can be made active and used for taking over the business operations. A backup site can be created to save the data with similar configuration of machines such that in case of data lost, the backup site serves the need for recovery A hot site containing the essential software, network and hardware can be installed just like the production site which can be used as primary site in case of a disaster at the primary site. Remote journaling which involves regular backup of the active transaction data would also minimize the loss of data and help in reducing the time for recovery. A backup centre can be developed within own facility or outside depending on the availability of space, ability to maintain the redundant equipments in the plant relationships with vendors who would be providing replacements, adequacy of the funds, and availability of the skilled people work the work(Cross, 2013). Business Continuity Planning would be carried out in phases as follows: Project Initiation: In this stage, the objective and the scope of the plan would be defined and a steering committee would be established that would come up with the business continuity policies to follow. Business Analysis: At this stage, a risk analysis and the business impact analysis would be conducted with consideration of the alternative strategies to be used for the business continuity. The alternatives can be selected on the basis of the cost benefit analysis which is done considering which a budget would be allotted for the execution of the plan(Frost, 2013). Design and development: In this stage of business continuity management, a business recovery team is set up and tasks for recovery would be assigned to the team members. This stage also involves identification of the recovery plan structure, its major components, backup and recovery strategies, execution plan, escalation and notification criteria, and the administrative policy for the organization. Implementation: At this stage, emergency response procedures are developed which includes preparing of the contracts, purchase of recovery resources, and communication of the roles and responsibilities to the recovery team members. Testing: In this phase, an action plan is prepared and the training is provided to all the personnel who would be involved in the business continuity plan execution. For this, a testing of the developed systems would be done from which lessons would be gained and used for the training on how to manage situations of disaster for recovery. Maintenance: The business continuity plan is continuously reviewed and updated based on the running conditions such that changes are made to bring improvements. The updated plan can then be distributed to the members of the recovery team. Tests are designed to see if the system has the network recovery capability. During the testing phase, the recovery procedures and checklists are also tested to discover the weaknesses of the plan such that measures can be taken to update the same for improvement(Kendrick, 2010) Business continuity strategy is determined after business analysis of the organization, industry analysis that includes exploration of the public interests and regulatory requirements. Business continuity plan is managed by the continuity coordinator who maintains the related documents and distributes the same to teams for periodic review and updating. The owner receives updated documents from the project team members and approves the changes to authorize them. The coordinator must ensure that the system is regularly updated as needed by the organization (SANS, 2002) Proposed Project Management Tool This project would use Microsoft as the project management tool. The tool provides following features that can be used by the company for managing the software development and implementation project: Features that can be used with traditional processes of project management such as calendar for tracking, gate review process management, interactive Gantt chart development, project scheduling and support for multiple project management from the same interface. It also provides some advanced Agile project management features such as burndown charts Emails of the project managers and the project team members can be integrated with Microsoft Project so that they can get notification of changes or any progress on the project Budget and expenses can be recorded and monitored through the use of features like creation of budgets, forecasts, hourly rate calculations, track burn rate, project hours tracking, and traffic hours tracking. Project team members can collaborate through a number of features like group creation, document management, instant messaging, social collaboration and web conferencing(Graphiq Inc., 2017). It can be used for creation of the project WBS using its scheduling features Assumptions, Constraints and Standards There are certain assumptions of this project and these include: The company has the sufficient staff with sufficient knowledge and skills to manage the tasks required for the development and integration A development consultant that is hired for the development of the optimizer software has the experience and skulls required for effective development. The company has sufficient funds needed for this development project including the contingency amount. The company has sufficient time for the development of the optimizer system (Zhou Shao, 2012) Test Plan Proposal for the Project ICT Purpose: The purpose of a test plan is to ensure that all the testing requirements and procedures are properly identified and document such the decision maker would understand the testing requirement of the new system to be developed. Items to be tested: The software that would be developed would be tested for the working and delivery of the functional and non-functional requirements of the project. Testing approaches: Each module of the developed software would be tested and first in the test environment such that any bugs are identified and rectified and only after that the module would be implemented in the actual production system in the biogas plant. Testing criteria: The criteria for testing would be defined for each type of test considering the deliverables needed and the expectations of the stakeholders. Test deliverables: Deliverables of testing would be the test results report, list of identified bugs, and recommendations for the changes in coding or other steps for rectification of errors or elimination of bugs. Test environment: A test environment simulating the production environment of the plan would be created in which the testing would be done because actual implementation in the real production environment. Tests: There would be multiple tests that would be done for the system for ensuring its functional and non0functional requirements are met. These include conformance testing, functional Testing, load testing, performance testing, stress testing, system testing, unit testing, and User Acceptance testing(Mangal, Vandana, Karmarkar, Uday., 2012) Application and Testing Coding and testing of the product that would be developed would involve testing of then functionalities and the system workflows to understand if they are working fine. This would include technology support, verification of functionalities, validation of processes, and product integration. The codes for the development of the Optimizer software would be written first and testing for the partial system in the testing mode without actual implementation of the whole system. The testing would involve review of the functional units, integration testing, defect identification and correction. Once the improvements are made, the tests are conducted again to ensure everything is working fine post which the software would be implemented in the whole system and final system test would be conducted to check if the software is able to meet all the functional and non-functional requirements that were defined in the development plan(Legunsen, et al., 2010). In testing stage, there are repeated coding and iterations through multiple tests for which specific arrangements have to be made involving people who would be assigned specific tasks for testing and coding. The output of each iteration involving testing and coding is recorded and the state of project is understood so that decisions can be taken on requirement for improvement(Vukovi}, 2004). Advantage of the Proposed Project Tool Reasons why this tool has been chosen for management of the software development project are: Ability to learn and start the development project fast Availability of the templates for project management, scheduling and other processes in the software Ability to use the software on multiple devices to streamline and integrate processes. Availability of guides and tutorials with easy interfaces and outputs need less time for training of the employees who would be working on the project It provides dashboards that can be used for getting a comprehensive view of all the activities Timelines of the project can be customized and can be easily shared with the project stakeholders whenever needed Custom reports such as burnout charts and financial performance reports can be generated based on the requirements of the biogas project This tool allows customization of tables and views which makes project tracking straight forward(Commella, 2014) Disadvantages and Risk of the Proposed Project Tool There are certain disadvantages and risks of using Microsoft Project as the project management tool such as: The tool provides burndown charts for Agile project management but does not include management of the backlogs of the projects managed The tool is somewhat complicated and needs good learning to be able to make the best use of all its features(McGevna, 2010) Effective utilizations and ongoing improvements The organization already has some processes and resources that need to be used in order to proceed with the project. An effective utilization of the same would be needed to be able to succeed in the development project. The company is already carrying out some improvement activities for that such as employment of more experienced people in the company who are equipped to identify and resolve manufacturing challenges. With an aim of the development of the software solution for optimization, the people working in he company are being trained to understand how processes and equipments and identify places where the processes need optimization. This information would then be used for the development of the optimizer software for the biogas manufacturing plant(Marshall Freedman, 2012). Functional and non-functional requirements The software requirement development goes beyond the stage of product conceptualization and product development. The purpose of requirement development is to understand the needs of the users, validation of requirements, tracing and control of the same. The requirement analysis is usually done using analysis of the data that is gathered through stakeholder and user surveys. Functional requirements of the software include: Plant optimization Browser based interface Close loop integration Automated testing(Mandl-Striegnitz Lichter, 2000) Non-functional requirements of the project include: Self -adaptation of the software system as the plant conditions change Comprehensive support for the capabilities of the plant Easy upgrading of the plant optimizer system in future through effective migration Low cost of maintenance through reduction in runtime and maintenance fee Reduced costs of operations Compliance to environmental processes(Emerson , 2005) Description of business workflows The software development project would involve considerations of two functional areas including project management and system. The functional area of project development would involve project management, project development, technology support, document management, daily management and employee management. The system function of the project would include user management, document management and role management. The first stage of the project management would be the product concept stage in which the concept for the development of the software would be defined. A product development proposal can then be made containing details of the software features and the roles of the project staff in establishment that are approved by the management(McGrath, 2012'). Once approved, the project would go to the planning stage in which an action program including research and development and the project management would be developed. At this stage, project costs are estimated and the project plan is accordingly approved. After the plan is approved, the system would go to the design and development stage. System design includes system structure, database, user interface, and coding to meet the requirements of the software project(Chadli, Toval, Idri, Nicols, 2016). KPI matrix There are several key performance indicators that can help assess the performance of the project. It is not possible to use all the KPIs on a single project and thus, most relevant and important KPIs have to be identified for which KPI matrix can be used. In the matrix KPIs can be identifies as those primary to the current project, those that company aspire to achieve, KPIs that need to take caution about to ensure that project is in line and not making losses while other KPIs of low level of importance can simply be forgotten. For the current case, the KPI matrix below identifies KPIs n each of these categories: Importance Aspire list of KPIs Return on Investment Cost performance index Productivity Resource Utilization Customer Satisfaction Strategic alignment Cost savings Primary KPIs Planned Value Actual project cost Process management costs Scheduled performance index Percentage of tasks completed Forget Economy of reserve funds Caution Overdue project tasks Share of overhead expenses Scheduled variance Project Deviations Missed milestones (Tsipes, 2004) Availability Proposed System Acquisition Plan As the optimizer software would be expensive if new software has to be developed as would need consideration of all the factory settings and understanding of how systems work which can also be time consuming. A better approach would thus be acquisition of existing optimizer software available in the market with the customization options and customize the same with modification sin setting or recoding in case of the requirement based on the requirements of the organization. An acquisition plan would help in ensuring that the acquisition is done correctly and in the right way which is presented here: Objectives of acquisition: Objectives of acquisition of the existing software and its customization is to have low cost development and an availability of the expertise to ensure that the solution would work find when implemented in the systems of thee organization. Performance requirement: The new software must be able to improve the performance of the biogas production systems through optimization of processes using the developed software Cost considerations: The Company has limited budget under which all the activities needed for acquisition must be completed(Moon, 2013). Budgeting and Funding: The budget allotted for this project is $20,000,000 which includes funds for the acquisition of the license of the software, its customization, integration with factory systems, data migration and training of employees on the use of the new Optimizer. Alternatives: Alternatives to this approach of acquisition include no action and the new software product development internally(Park, Spink, Howarth, 2013). Milestones: The software would be acquired and customized for the need of the organization within the eight months after the approval of the plan and the milestones that would be achieved during these 8 months are presented in the table below assuming the start of the project by 1st Dec 2017 Deliverables Milestones Request for Proposal from the vendors of optimization software and consultants for their services 5th Dec 2017 Selection of the consultant for guidance on software development 15th Dec 2017 Selection of vendor for the acquisition of license 20th Dec 2017 Acquisition of the license of the optimization software 31st Dec 2017 Identification of the need for customization based on the analysis of the company system done by the consultant 31st Jan 2018 Development of the custom code for the modification of the software for the company needs - 1st iteration 26th Feb 2018 Testing of features developed 30th mar 2018 Modification of the custom code for the elimination of bugs for the company needs - 2nd iteration 15th Apr 2018 Testing of features developed 20th Apr 2018 Modification of the custom code for the elimination of bugs for the company needs - 2nd iteration 5th Apr 2018 Testing of features developed 15th May 2018 Final development 20th June 2018 System testing 5th July 2018 Installation in the company 10th July 2018 Integration with existing systems 20th July 2018 User acceptance testing 30th July 2018 User training 20th Aug 2018 Project Sign off 31st Aug 2018 Business Considerations: Testing must be completed using available resources without exceeding the budget allotted for testing of the system Technical considerations: The bugs that are revealed in the testing procedures must be corrected before next iteration and testing is done Logistics Considerations: The main users of the system must be taken input from while planning the tests to ensure that all their requirement are well tested(Haris, 2013) Advantages and Disadvantages of the proposed acquisition plan over the alternatives Alternatives to the software acquisition and customization would be no development or change in the organization and the development of new software. The chosen acquisition method has advantages and disadvantages over each of these methods as illustrated in the table below: No Action Development from scratch Customization of existing software Advantages No cost implications Full control over features and the development process Ability to develop a highly customized software that takes care of the needs of the industry and the company Cost effective as the cost of customization of an existing software would be lesser than a new development. Less time of development as only customization would have to be done Assurance of the software as it would already have been tested and implemented in another factory setting. Disadvantages No improvements in the current system and the challenges faced by the organization currently would remain unresolved High cost of development High risk in case the software developed is unable to produce the desired output Significance cost of development in case the existing software needs a significant modification to meet the needs of the current organization Conclusion This report was a project plan created for the development of new Optimization software for the biogas production plant. The plan included details of functional and non functional requirements of the development, design specification, test plan and implementation plan. The project plan was prepared assuming that the company would take a license of existing optimizer software and would modify it based on the needs of the organization. Microsoft project tool would be used for the management of the software implementation project and the project would take 8 months from acquisition of licenses to the final development, testing and training of employees. References Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2016). Business Driven Information Systems. McGraw-Hill. Chadli, S. Y., Toval, A., Idri, A., Nicols, J. (2016). Software project management tools in global software development: a systematic mapping study. Research Gate. Commella, R. (2014). Free and Open Source Project Management Tools. SANS Institute. Cook, K. (2008). Demonstration of Software Application Biogas at the Hndel Biogas Site. Svenskt Gastekniskt Center . Cross, C. (2013). IT Service Management 102: Most Asked Questions: What You Need to Know, In Success Secrets. Brisbane, Australia: Emereo . Emerson . (2005). Plant Optimization Performance Software. Emerson . Frost, L. (2013). .ERP: 308 Success Secrets, In Success Secrets. Brisbane, Australia: Emereo. Graphiq Inc. (2017, September 26). Microsoft Project. Retrieved from Software Insider: https://project-management.softwareinsider.com/l/3/Microsoft-Project Haris, P. E. (2013). Project Planning and Control Using Oracle Primavera P6 Versions 8.1, 8.2 8.3 Professional Client Optional Client: Planning and Progressing Project Schedules with and Without Roles and Resources in an Established Database. Victoria, Australia: Eastwood Harris Pty Ltd. . Kendrick, T. (2010). .The Project Management Tool Kit: 100 Tips and Techniques for Getting the Job Done Right. AMACOM American Management Association. Kushta, V. V. (2012). STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT PLAN : CONSTRUCTION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION SYSTEM. GLOBYNO, POLTAVA REGION: ASTARA. Legunsen, O., Lindee, C., Lloyd, K., Matcovschi, R., Morin, B., Shaw, S., . . . Yancey, C. (2010). Software Project Management PlanSoftware Project Management Plan. UT Dallas. Mandl-Striegnitz, P., Lichter, H. (2000). MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY EXPERIENCES MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY EXPERIENCES AND CONCLUSIONS. University of Stuttgart. Mangal, Vandana, Karmarkar, Uday. (2012). Project: A Global Study of Business Practice Publishing Company. Singapore: World Scientific . Marshall, L. J., Freedman, L. D. (2012). Smart Work: The Syntax Guide for Mutual Understanding in the Workplace. Project Management Institute. . McGevna, V. (2010, January 26). Is Microsoft Project a Project Management Tool? Retrieved from MPUG: https://www.mpug.com/articles/is-microsoft-project-a-project-management-tool/ McGrath, R. N. (2012'). Project-driven Technology Strategy: Knowledge Technology. Project Management Institute. Mela, M., Hisham, A. S., Avicenna, Y., Izan, S., Roy, I., Setyobudic, H. (2015). Simulation Study for Economic Analysis of Biogas Production from Agricultural Biomass. Energy Procedia, 204-214. Moon, C. (2013). SLA 126, In Success Secrets. Brisbane, Australia: Emereo. Park, J.-r., Spink, A., Howarth, L. C. (2013). New Directions in Information Organization, In Library and Information Science. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. PMI Standards Committee. (2015). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Project Managemeetn Institute. QUT. (2017, September 23). Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners. Retrieved from QUT: https://www.qut.edu.au/about/our-university/acknowledgement-of-traditional-owners SANS. (2002). Introduction to Business Continuity Planning. SANS Institute. Tsipes, G. (2004). TO MANAGE PROJECTS THRU KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. Russia, Moscow: APIC. Vukovi}, Z. (2004). PROJECT MANAGEMENT - SOFTWARE DEVELOPMEN TMETHODOLOGY. Siemens. Zhou, G., Shao, W. (2012). The Design and Improvement of a Software Project Management System Based on CMMI. Intelligent Information Management, 330-337. Guide Project Management Body Of Knowledge –Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Body Of Knowledge Guide Project Management? Answer: Introduction A project methodology is an application of knowledge, tools and techniques in order to implement a project in such a way that it meets all the identified requirements (Schwalbe, 2015). This indicates that the project methodology plays a significant role in evaluating the project requirements. Project management methodology is a set of standard used for defining the techniques and procedure of project implementation (pundak, 2014). Therefore, it can be said that project management has a vital role in planning and implementation of a project. A project management methodology is a standard that counters the dangers and risk of the front end planning methods of project development (Serrador Pinto, 2015). The role of a proper methodology is to identify and evaluate the risks associated with a project. Project methodology or project management is a procedure of proper application of knowledge, skills and tools necessary for implementation of a project (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). Identificat ion of a proper project methodology therefore, plays a major role in identification of proper skills needed for successful project implementation. A project methodology possesses the ability to successfully deliver the result quickly and inexpensively even in complex project (Leau et al. 2012). Therefore, it can be said that project methodology plays a very important role in successful delivery of a project. PRINCE2 Vs PMBOK PMBOK or project management body of knowledge is a guide that helps in standardizing the different project management tasks so that the project managers and the team members are on a same page while the implementation of the project. The PMBOK process includes five major phases such as initiating, planning, execution and control and closing. PRINCE2 on the other hand is a process based project management methodology that defines and describes the different activities that a project needs to follow for its successful implementation. PMBOK and PRINCE2: Similarities The similarities between PMBOK and PRINCE2 are as follows- The PMBOK and PRINCE2 set up some standard rules for the processes and techniques to be used in project management, which ensures project success (Karaman Kurt, 2015). PMBOK and PRINCE2 both help in identification of the associated risks in a project and propose different solutions for eliminating the identified risks from the project. Both PMBOK and PRINCE2 furthermore help in analyzing the different problems that is generally faced by a project while its execution. Advantages of PRINCE2 and PMBOK PMBOK The advantages of PMBOK are as follows- Helps in breaking down the projects in easy manageable steps. Provides standardization in different project processes (Snyder, 2014). It helps in reducing the overhead cost of the project management team It helps in increasing the accuracy in critical project management and complex projects. PRINCE2 The advantages of PRINCE2 methodology are as follows- It s one of the most commonly used project management approach and therefore is easier to implement. PRINCE2 methodology focuses in what a project needs to deliver thus helps in proper planning of the project (Saad et al., 2014). PRINCE2 methodology is flexible and therefore is the most preferable project management approach. Disadvantages of PMBOK and PRINCE2 PMBOK The disadvantages of PMBOK are as follows- It is a bit complex to understand and implement. It is very costly to implement in small projects. PRINCE 2 The disadvantages of PRINCE2 methodology are as follows- PRINCE2 methodology may not provide accurate measurement of the success of a project. PRINCE2 methodology is complex and cannot be implemented without having a proper experience. Change requests are difficult to accommodate in PRINCE2. Projects that suits PMBOK/ PRINCE2 Analyzing the different needs, requirements, advantages and disadvantages of PMBOK and PRINCE2, it can be said that PMBOK can be applied to the projects that need growing attention and methodical planning such as construction projects. PRINCE2 can be applied in less complex project which has clear requirements, as it is difficult to implement change in projects following the PRINCE2 approach. PMBOK and PRINCE2: Differences The differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2 are as follows- PRINCE2 is a project methodology while PMBOK is a body of knowledge that is concerned with the application of best practices in a project. PRINCE2 is comparatively easier to apply in different projects as PMBOK is comparatively complex (Matos Lopes, 2013). Project control is an issue in PMBOK, while PRINCE2 ensures that there is proper review of the project progress on a regular basis. PMBOK is useful in learning and gaining knowledge and achieving project management skills while PRINCE2 is a methodology framework. PRINCE2 on PLC PLC or project life cycle has four phases such as project initiation, project planning project execution and project closure. PRINCE2 is a project management process that ensures success of a project by managing every stages or phases of the project by thorough supervision of the same. In PRINCE2 approach, project is planned in a control environment and is generally carried out at the beginning of the project. PRINCE2 therefore relates to the project life cycle as the planning phase is an important stage of PLC. In the execution phase, PRINCE2 methodology ensures proper project supervision and risk elimination (Tomanek Juricek, 2015). Testing and bugs elimination is followed by the project closure phase. Thus, PRINCE2 not only ensures proper project implementation but also ensures project success. References Chaves, M. S., Arajo, C. D., Teixeira, L., Rosa, D., Jnior, I., Nogueira, accounting. (2016). A new approach to managing Lessons Learned in PMBoK process groups: the Ballistic 2.0 Model.International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management,4(1), 27-45. Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research,4(5), 657-664. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leau, Y. B., Loo, W. K., Tham, W. Y., Tan, S. F. (2012). Software development life cycle AGILE vs traditional approaches. InInternational Conference on Information and Network Technology(Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 162-167). Matos, S., Lopes, E. (2013). Prince2 or PMBOKa question of choice.Procedia Technology,9, 787-794. Saad, S., Ibrahim, A., Asma, O., Khan, M. S., Akhter, J. (2014). PRINCE2 MEthodology: AN INNovAtIvE WAy foR IMPRovINg PERfoRMANCE of MAlAysIAN AutoMotIvE INdustRy.The Journal of Technology Management and Technopreneurship (JTMT),1(1). Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Serrador, P., Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work?A quantitative analysis of agile project success.International Journal of Project Management,33(5), 1040-1051. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK () guide.Project Management Institute: Newtown Square, PA, USA. pundak, M. (2014). Mixed agile/traditional project management methodologyreality or illusion?.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, 939-948. Tomanek, M., Juricek, J. (2015). Project risk management model based on PRINCE2 and SCRUM frameworks.arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.03595.